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Related Concept Videos

Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire...
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.The collection of fossils within sedimentary rocks give a record of common ancestry and often depicts the history of evolution.
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
What is Evolutionary History?02:35

What is Evolutionary History?

Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.Phylogenetic trees illustrate the evolutionary relationships among these organisms. Scientists infer organisms’ common ancestry by evaluating shared morphological and genetic characteristics. Together, the fossil...
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.The structures that arise from convergent evolution are called analogous structures. They are similar in function even if they are dissimilar in structure. Further, structures can be analogous while also...

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Generation of Transgenic Rats using a Lentiviral Vector Approach
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Rodent evolution: back to the root.

Gennady Churakov1, Manoj K Sadasivuni, Kate R Rosenbloom

  • 1Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|January 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rodent evolutionary history was reconstructed using rare genomic changes like SINE insertions. This revealed complex early relationships, suggesting potential hybridization events between major rodent lineages.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Rodents constitute 40% of mammalian species but their evolutionary history is complex due to varying DNA evolution rates.
  • Reconstructing rodent phylogeny, especially deep divergences, is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve deep rodent evolutionary relationships using rare genomic changes.
  • To investigate phylogenetic conflicts using SINE insertions and indels.

Main Methods:

  • Screening 12 Gb of rodent genomic data using whole-genome alignments.
  • Utilizing short interspersed elements (SINEs) and insertion-deletion events (indels) as phylogenetic markers.
  • Employing high-throughput PCR and sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Identified 65 phylogenetically informative SINE insertions across 23 rodent nodes.
  • Eight SINEs and six indels support an early Mouse-Ctenohystrica association, with Squirrels as sister group.
  • Contradictory SINEs/indels suggest complex scenarios like lineage sorting or hybridization involving Squirrel and Ctenohystrica clades.

Conclusions:

  • SINE insertions provide a robust, homoplasy-free method for resolving rodent phylogeny.
  • Rodent evolution involves complex scenarios, potentially including hybridization, beyond simple bifurcating trees.
  • The study clarifies early divergences within major rodent groups.