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Related Concept Videos

DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

An Efficient In Vitro Transposition Method by a Transcriptionally Regulated Sleeping Beauty System Packaged into an Integration Defective Lentiviral Vector
10:13

An Efficient In Vitro Transposition Method by a Transcriptionally Regulated Sleeping Beauty System Packaged into an Integration Defective Lentiviral Vector

Published on: January 12, 2018

A transposon and transposase system for human application.

Perry B Hackett1, David A Largaespada, Laurence J N Cooper

  • 1Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, Institute of Human Genetics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy
|January 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transposon gene transfer offers a cost-effective, less immunogenic alternative to viral vectors for cell therapy. The Sleeping Beauty transposon system is being explored for genetically modifying T cells for clinical trials.

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piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells
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piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

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Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
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Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

An Efficient In Vitro Transposition Method by a Transcriptionally Regulated Sleeping Beauty System Packaged into an Integration Defective Lentiviral Vector
10:13

An Efficient In Vitro Transposition Method by a Transcriptionally Regulated Sleeping Beauty System Packaged into an Integration Defective Lentiviral Vector

Published on: January 12, 2018

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells
10:02

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

Published on: November 5, 2012

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
08:19

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Viral vectors are effective for gene transfer but face manufacturing costs and integration pattern limitations.
  • Nonviral gene transfer methods are being developed as alternatives for therapeutic applications.
  • Transposon-mediated gene transfer presents a promising ex vivo approach for genetic modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system for genetically modifying T cells.
  • To examine the rationale and safety of SB system application in T cell therapy.
  • To discuss SB system compliance with current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) for clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing clinical-grade DNA plasmids for transposon-mediated gene transfer.
  • Transient coexpression of a hyperactive transposase to enhance integration efficiency.
  • Designing human trials for T cell modification using the SB transposon system.

Main Results:

  • Transposon systems offer reduced manufacturing costs compared to viral vectors.
  • The SB system facilitates the introduction of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) into T cells.
  • The SB system demonstrates potential for cGMP-compliant T cell manufacturing.

Conclusions:

  • The SB transposon system provides a viable alternative for ex vivo gene therapy.
  • SB system application in T cells shows promise for redirecting T cell specificity.
  • Further investigation into the SB system's safety and efficacy in clinical trials is warranted.