Biomechanical researches on tissue engineering bone constructed by deproteinated bone

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Orthopedic Surgery
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Large segmental long bone defects pose significant clinical challenges.
• Autologous bone grafts are the current gold standard but have limitations.
• Engineering bone scaffolds offers a potential alternative for bone defect repair.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the biomechanical properties of newly formed bone in goats after repairing large long bone defects.
• To compare the efficacy of heterogeneous deproteinated bone (DPB) as a scaffold against autologous bone grafts.
• To assess the potential of DPB for clinical use in bone regeneration.

Main Methods:

• A randomized study involving 18 goats divided into three groups: control, autologous bone graft, and DPB scaffold with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2).
• Large segmental defects (20% of tibia length) were created and repaired using respective bone graft materials.
• Biomechanical testing, including anti-compression, anti-bend, and anti-torsion tests, were performed on the repaired tibias after 24 weeks.

Main Results:

• Biomechanical tests revealed no significant differences in ultimate pressure, fracture compression rates, ultimate pressure values, fracture bend rates, ultimate anti-torsion torque, or fracture torsion rates among the control, autologous bone, and DPB groups.
• Load-deformation curves for anti-compression and anti-bend tests showed similar shapes and tendencies across all groups.
• The newly formed bone using DPB scaffolds exhibited biomechanical characteristics comparable to normal and autologous bone.

Conclusions:

• Heterogeneous deproteinated bone (DPB) scaffolds demonstrate comparable biomechanical properties to native bone and autologous grafts for repairing large long bone defects.
• DPB shows significant potential as a viable bone graft material for clinical applications in orthopedic regenerative medicine.