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IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

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Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

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Image orthicon spectrograph with computer control.

S A Johnson, W M Fairbank, A L Schawlow

|January 30, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new spectrograph utilizes an image orthicon tube for low-light spectroscopy. This instrument is effective for rapid Raman spectroscopy and transient absorption spectra analysis.

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Area of Science:

Spectroscopy
Optical instrumentation

Background:

Low light level spectroscopy presents challenges for signal detection.
Image orthicon tubes offer potential for enhanced light sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To construct and evaluate a novel spectrograph for low light level spectroscopy.
To assess the instrument's performance in rapid Raman spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

Construction of a spectrograph incorporating an image orthicon tube.
Testing the spectrograph's capabilities with rapid Raman spectroscopy.
Utilizing computer control for transient absorption spectra analysis of metastable ions.

Main Results:

The spectrograph demonstrates functionality for low light level spectroscopy.
Successful application in rapid Raman spectroscopy.
Effective measurement of transient absorption spectra for excited ions.

Conclusions:

The image orthicon-based spectrograph is a viable tool for specific spectroscopic applications.
The instrument offers advantages for studying transient phenomena and low light samples.
Further analysis of the instrument's strengths and limitations is warranted.