Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chemistry and national well-being.

Environmental science & technology·2012
Same author

Passive Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of chemical plumes: an algorithm for quantitative interpretation and real-time background removal.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Nanosecond infrared absorption spectrometer.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Infrared radiometer for the Pioneer Venus orbiter. 1: Instrument description.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Intracavity dye laser spectroscopy as a gain probing technique.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

2.5-km Low-Temperature Multiple-Reflection Cell.

Applied optics·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Measuring Dissolved Methane in Aquatic Ecosystems Using An Optical Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer
05:00

Measuring Dissolved Methane in Aquatic Ecosystems Using An Optical Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer

Published on: July 26, 2024

Mariner Mars 1969 infrared spectrometer.

K C Herr, P B Forney, G C Pimentel

    Applied Optics
    |January 30, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details an infrared spectrometer used on the Mariner 6 and 7 missions to analyze Mars's atmosphere and surface. The instrument provided crucial spectral data for planetary science research.

    More Related Videos

    Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron
    09:41

    Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

    Published on: June 9, 2016

    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
    10:42

    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

    Published on: March 22, 2019

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    Measuring Dissolved Methane in Aquatic Ecosystems Using An Optical Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer
    05:00

    Measuring Dissolved Methane in Aquatic Ecosystems Using An Optical Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer

    Published on: July 26, 2024

    Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron
    09:41

    Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

    Published on: June 9, 2016

    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
    10:42

    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

    Published on: March 22, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Planetary Science
    • Spectroscopy
    • Infrared Technology

    Background:

    • The Mariner 6 and 7 missions aimed to study Mars.
    • Understanding Mars's atmospheric and surface composition is key to planetary science.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the infrared spectrometer instrument.
    • To detail its capabilities for analyzing Mars's atmosphere and surface spectra.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a continuously scanning infrared spectrometer (1.9-14.4 µm).
    • Employed two rotating circular variable interference filters for ~1% spectral resolution.
    • Used a PbSe detector (1.9-6.0 µm) cooled to 175 K and a mercury-doped germanium detector (3.9-14.4 µm) cooled to 22 K.

    Main Results:

    • The spectrometer successfully recorded spectral data of Mars.
    • The instrument operated across a broad infrared spectrum with specific detector cooling.
    • Instrument specifications including weight (17.4 kg) and power consumption (11 W) are provided.

    Conclusions:

    • The described infrared spectrometer was a key instrument for Mars atmospheric and surface analysis during the Mariner 6 and 7 missions.
    • The instrument's design and performance provided valuable spectral data for planetary research.