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Related Concept Videos

Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
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A Thermoplasmonic Approach for Investigating Plasma Membrane Repair in Living Cells and Model Membranes
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Plasma membrane signaling induced by ionizing radiation.

Isabelle Corre1, Colin Niaudet, Francois Paris

  • 1Inserm UMR U892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique, 8 Quai Moncousu, F-44007 Nantes cedex 1, France.

Mutation Research
|February 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Ionizing radiation (IR) triggers cell signaling at the plasma membrane, not just DNA damage. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) translocation and ceramide formation are key radiation-induced membrane events.

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09:10

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Radiation Biology
  • Molecular Signaling

Background:

  • Ionizing radiation (IR) traditionally targets DNA, but membrane-initiated signals are crucial for cellular responses.
  • The precise mechanisms of IR-induced plasma membrane events are less understood than direct DNA damage.
  • Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and protein/lipid relocalization are proposed signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key molecular mechanisms at the plasma membrane following IR exposure.
  • To highlight the molecular actors involved in radiation-induced membrane signaling.
  • To provide a perspective on non-DNA-centric radiation effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of protein and lipid dynamics post-IR.
  • Focus on sphingomyelinase (ASMase) pathway and ceramide generation.

Main Results:

  • IR induces molecular events at the plasma membrane, including ROS/RNS generation and lipid/protein relocalization.
  • Translocation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) to the cell membrane triggers sphingomyelin hydrolysis and ceramide formation.
  • Ceramide accumulation promotes lipid microdomain formation and clustering of signaling receptors.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma membrane events are critical in the cellular response to IR.
  • ASMase-mediated ceramide generation is a significant IR-induced signaling mechanism.
  • Understanding membrane-initiated signaling offers new perspectives on IR effects.