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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
07:06

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

Navigation of artificial disc replacement: evaluation in a cadaver study.

Konstantinos Kafchitsas1, Michael Rauschmann

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. kafchitsas@orthopaedie.klinik.uni-mainz.de

Computer Aided Surgery : Official Journal of the International Society for Computer Aided Surgery
|February 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Image-guided navigation improves total disc replacement (TDR) accuracy. This study found navigated TDR placement was ideal in most cases, suggesting it

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
07:06

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Spinal surgery
  • Orthopedic biomechanics
  • Medical device technology

Background:

  • Total disc replacement (TDR) offers advantages over fusion but requires precise implant placement.
  • Inaccurate placement of artificial discs can lead to adjacent segment degeneration.
  • Fluoroscopy-guided placement may be prone to parallax errors, affecting accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of navigated total disc replacement (TDR) using the CHARITÉ™ artificial disc.
  • To assess the effectiveness of image guidance in spine surgery without a surgeon learning curve.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen lumbar total disc replacements were performed on human cadaveric specimens using the BrainLAB VectorVision navigation system.
  • The accuracy of implant placement was assessed via CT scans, comparing achieved position to the pre-operative plan.

Main Results:

  • Navigation enabled ideal placement (<3 mm from planned) in the majority of cases.
  • Only three of fifteen disc prostheses were placed suboptimally (3-5 mm); none were poorly placed (>5 mm).
  • Coronal plane placement accuracy was significantly better than in other planes.

Conclusions:

  • Image-guided navigation is a valuable tool for achieving accurate placement of artificial disc prostheses.
  • Navigation provides superior accuracy and reduced variability compared to standard fluoroscopy.
  • Further clinical studies are warranted to confirm the benefits of navigated TDR for patient outcomes.