Health care workers as source of hepatitis B and C virus transmission

Transmission of hepatitis B and C from health care workers to patients remains rare in developed medical care systems but may be more common in systems that are still developing. Since the 1970s, at least 69 health care workers infected with hepatitis B or C have been implicated in transmission of their infection. This likely underestimates the magnitude of the problem. In this article, risk factors associated with transmission are reviewed and infection prevention and control practices outlined. Management of infected providers is also discussed. National guidelines are compared, highlighting different countries' approaches to this complex challenge.