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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...

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Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared
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Instrumentation for Combined Dispersion and Absorption Measurements in the VUV.

F P Banfield, M C Huber, W H Parkinson

    Applied Optics
    |February 4, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study combines anomalous dispersion measurement with photoelectric photometry to create a powerful analytical tool. The new apparatus, operating in the vacuum ultraviolet, is effective for studying iron-group elements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic Physics
    • Spectroscopy
    • Analytical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Anomalous dispersion is a key optical phenomenon.
    • Photoelectric photometry offers precise light measurement.
    • Studying iron-group elements requires advanced techniques.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a combined hook method and photoelectric photometry apparatus.
    • To extend measurements into the vacuum ultraviolet wavelength range.
    • To analyze the anomalous dispersion of iron-group elements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a hydrogen-discharge light source.
    • Employed a Mach-Zehnder interferometer for dispersion measurement.
    • Integrated a high-temperature furnace and stigmatic spectrograph.
    • Incorporated a photoelectric photometer for quantitative analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully combined hook method and photoelectric photometry.
    • Developed an apparatus capable of vacuum ultraviolet measurements.
    • Applied the technique to iron-group elements.

    Conclusions:

    • The combined method provides a powerful tool for studying anomalous dispersion.
    • The apparatus is suitable for analyzing elements in the iron group.
    • The technique's extension into the vacuum ultraviolet broadens its applicability.