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Related Concept Videos

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection01:05

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...
Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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Troubleshooting and Quality Assurance in Hyperpolarized Xenon Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Tools for High-Quality Image Acquisition
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Noise suppression in coherent imaging.

J Upatnieks, R W Lewis

    Applied Optics
    |February 4, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study compares noise suppression methods for coherent imaging, finding that multiple incoherent waves effectively reduce noise in lens-type systems. Multiple wave techniques are also considered for holographic imaging.

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    Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)
    12:56

    Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)

    Published on: October 17, 2010

    Area of Science:

    • Optical imaging systems
    • Signal processing
    • Image reconstruction

    Background:

    • Coherent imaging systems are susceptible to noise, which can degrade image quality and hinder analysis.
    • Effective noise suppression is crucial for accurate interpretation of imaging data.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe and compare various noise suppression techniques applicable to coherent imaging.
    • To evaluate the efficacy of different methods for both holographic and lens-type imaging systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparison of diffuse wave, periodic phase modulation, and multiple wave techniques for holographic imaging.
    • Consideration of the implementation of multiple wave techniques in holographic systems.
    • Evaluation of multiple incoherent waves for noise suppression in lens-type imaging systems.

    Main Results:

    • Multiple wave techniques show promise for noise reduction in holographic imaging.
    • The use of multiple incoherent waves demonstrates excellent noise suppression capabilities in lens-type imaging systems.

    Conclusions:

    • Different noise suppression strategies are effective for distinct coherent imaging modalities.
    • Multiple incoherent waves offer a robust solution for noise reduction in lens-type imaging.