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Metal-clad optical waveguides: analytical and experimental study.

I P Kaminow, W L Mammel, H P Weber

    Applied Optics
    |February 4, 2010
    PubMed
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    This study investigates metal-clad optical waveguides, finding low attenuations (<1 dB/cm) suitable for devices. Simple tapered transitions effectively reduce losses at waveguide junctions.

    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Materials Science
    • Applied Physics

    Background:

    • Planar optical waveguides are crucial components in integrated optics.
    • Metal cladding offers unique properties for guiding light in dielectric films.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically and experimentally investigate metal-clad planar optical waveguides.
    • To determine phase and attenuation constants and wavefunctions for TE and TM modes.
    • To assess the performance of these waveguides for practical device applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a computer program for calculating waveguide parameters.
    • Derivation of approximate analytical expressions for simplified calculations.
    • Experimental fabrication and characterization of photoresist waveguides with Al, Ag, and Au cladding.

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  • Measurement of attenuation and phase constants at 0.633 micrometers.

    • Main Results:

    • Theoretical predictions show good agreement with experimental measurements.
    • Achieved attenuations below 1 dB/cm, demonstrating suitability for device integration.
    • Calculated wavefunctions highlight mode mismatch at abrupt waveguide transitions.
    • Experimental data confirms significant losses at abrupt junctions, mitigated by tapered transitions.

    Conclusions:

    • Metal-clad optical waveguides are viable for device applications due to low losses.
    • Tapered transitions are essential for efficient light coupling and minimizing losses at waveguide junctions.
    • The developed theoretical framework and experimental validation provide a strong foundation for future optical waveguide design.