Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
Self-Esteem01:28

Self-Esteem

Self-esteem, a core aspect of psychological well-being, reflects an individual's positive and negative self-evaluation in terms of worth, competence, and overall value. It is both a stable trait and a dynamic process, influenced by experiences and social interactions across the lifespan. While global self-esteem offers a general assessment, research highlights that self-esteem is multidimensional and varies across specific life domains.Domain-Specific Self-EsteemResearchers have delineated...
Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison01:27

Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison

Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...
Benefits of Self-Esteem01:25

Benefits of Self-Esteem

Self-esteem—an individual's overall evaluation of their worth—plays a complex role in psychological functioning and well-being. It is often associated with many positive traits, such as confidence, optimism, and perseverance. Individuals with high self-esteem typically experience better sleep, manage peer pressure more effectively, and report greater life satisfaction. Conversely, low self-esteem has been consistently linked with increased risks of depression, anxiety, and poor academic or...
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
Trait and State Self-Esteem02:08

Trait and State Self-Esteem

The term self-esteem is often used generically, to refer to how people feel about themselves. However, according to research, there are three distinct constructs that should not be used interchangeably (Brown & Marshall, 2006).

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Well-being comparisons and mental health outcomes following loss: a two-wave longitudinal study.

European journal of psychotraumatology·2026
Same author

Processes in psychotherapy: A scoping review with LLM-assisted clustering.

Clinical psychology review·2026
Same author

Predictors of Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help Among Residents in Turkey and People of Turkish and German Origin in Germany.

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy·2026
Same author

Mental health of internally displaced persons: a meta-analysis.

BMJ global health·2026
Same author

Spatial encoding of a traumatic virtual reality scene reduces intrusive memories.

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience·2026
Same author

Network Control Theory in Personalized Intervention Selection: A Proof-of-Concept Approach to Simulating Therapeutic Intervention Effects in Clinical Time-Series Data.

Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Implicit self-esteem in recurrently depressed patients.

Anne K Risch1, Astrid Buba, Uwe Birk

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 11, 07743 Jena, Germany. anne.katrin.risch@uni-jena.de

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
|February 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Recurrent depression may impair implicit self-esteem, even after remission. Relapse prevention should target both implicit and explicit self-esteem to improve treatment outcomes for depression.

More Related Videos

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
04:33

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: April 26, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
04:33

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: April 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Negative self-esteem is linked to recurrent depressive episodes.
  • Chronic negative self-views may persist even after depression remission.
  • Understanding implicit self-esteem's role is crucial for depression recurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if recurrent depression impairs implicit self-esteem.
  • To determine if negative self-attributes remain chronically activated post-remission.
  • To examine the impact of depressive episode history on implicit self-esteem.

Main Methods:

  • Implicit self-esteem was measured using the Implicit Association Test (IAT).
  • Participants included currently depressed (first-onset and recurrent), remitted recurrent, and healthy control groups.
  • Groups were compared based on depression status and history of depressive episodes.

Main Results:

  • Currently depressed patients showed lower implicit self-esteem than controls.
  • Remitted recurrent patients did not differ from controls in implicit self-esteem.
  • Remitted patients with 3+ episodes had lower implicit self-esteem than those with <3 episodes.

Conclusions:

  • Recurrent depression may lead to lasting impairments in implicit self-esteem.
  • Relapse prevention should address both implicit and explicit self-esteem.
  • Treatment efficacy evaluations must consider both implicit and explicit self-esteem levels.