Skin bioengineering in the noninvasive assessment of cutaneous aging

Cutaneous changes induced by aging can be quantified and monitored noninvasively by means of bioengineering tools. Skin elasticity, hydration, skin blood flow and skin surface pattern show age-related changes reflecting the damage of cutaneous structures involved. Impairment and degeneration of elastic and collagen networks are responsible for the progressive decrease in skin elasticity recorded during aging. Reduction in blood flow and water supply with probably defective stratum corneum binding result in reduced stratum corneum water content and transepidermal water loss. Morphological changes such as increased skin roughness, pigmentation and alteration of skin surface pattern appearing from the age of 30 years onwards may be investigated at a subclinical level allowing the detection of early signs of aging.