Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar
07:14

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar

Published on: May 1, 2018

Optical antenna gain. 1: transmitting antennas

B J Klein, J J Degnan

    Applied Optics
    |February 6, 2010
    PubMed

    Related Concept Videos

    Gain01:15

    Gain

    Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
    Gain:
    Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.
    Polar Coordinates: Problem Solving01:27

    Polar Coordinates: Problem Solving

    Directional radiation patterns are central to antenna analysis, as they illustrate how signal strength varies with direction. These patterns are often modeled using polar plots, where the radial distance from the origin represents signal intensity at a given angle. A commonly used idealized form is the four-lobed rose curve, which captures the concept of directional beams in a simplified mathematical form.The four-lobed rose curve, described by r = cos⁡(2θ), features four symmetric lobes, each...
    The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem01:20

    The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

    Consider a linear AC Thevenin equivalent circuit connected to a load impedance.
    The load connected draws the current, and the circuit delivers the power to the load. The alternating current flowing through the load is determined using the rectangular form of voltages, currents, network impedance, and load impedance. The average power delivered to the load is obtained from the product of the square of current and load resistance.
    Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

    Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

    Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
    Cascaded Op Amps01:16

    Cascaded Op Amps

    Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
    In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...
    The Antenna Complex01:15

    The Antenna Complex

    Plants and other photosynthetic organisms comprise pigments capable of absorption of direct sunlight. These pigments are present in the reaction center - the main site of photochemical reactions as well as in the antenna complex. Under average light conditions, the rate at which reaction center pigments absorb light is far below the electron transport chain's capacity. As a result, the reaction center alone cannot provide enough energy to drive photosynthesis. The photosynthetic efficiency can...