Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear.
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity01:22

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity

Nonlinearity in drug pharmacokinetics is caused by various factors influencing how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Understanding these nonlinear processes is crucial for predicting drug behavior in the body and optimizing drug dosing regimens.
Nonlinear drug absorption can occur when the process is rate-limited by solubility, carrier-mediated transport systems, or saturation of the presystemic gut wall or hepatic metabolism. For instance, high doses of riboflavin...
Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be calculated...
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length, the...
Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model01:13

Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model

Drugs administered through various routes can lead to nonlinear elimination, resulting in complex pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to understanding efficacious drug dosing.
When a drug is administered through a constant intravenous infusion and eliminated via nonlinear pharmacokinetics, it follows zero-order input. For example, oral drugs undergo first-order absorption upon administration and are eliminated through nonlinear pharmacokinetics.
In the case of subcutaneously administered drugs,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Pragmatic Randomized Trial Comparing Surgical Clipping and Endovascular Treatment of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2023
Same author

The Magellanic Corona as the key to the formation of the Magellanic Stream.

Nature·2020
Same author

Hydrogel versus Bare Platinum Coils in Patients with Large or Recurrent Aneurysms Prone to Recurrence after Endovascular Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2017
Same author

Henry J.M. Barnett.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2016
Same author

Diagnostic Performance of Routine Brain MRI Sequences for Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2016
Same author

Computed tomographic excretory urography features of intramural ectopic ureters in 10 dogs.

The Journal of small animal practice·2016
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo
09:36

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Published on: March 19, 2016

Nonlinear Longitudinal KTN Modulator.

A J Fox

    Applied Optics
    |February 6, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers investigated the longitudinal quadratic electrooptic effect in potassium tantalate niobate (KTa(x)Nb(1-x)O(3)) crystals. They found optimal performance in the [110] direction, enabling low half-wave voltages for electrooptic modulators.

    More Related Videos

    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
    06:45

    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

    Published on: October 28, 2022

    Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
    08:44

    Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

    Published on: October 17, 2025

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo
    09:36

    Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

    Published on: March 19, 2016

    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
    06:45

    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

    Published on: October 28, 2022

    Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
    08:44

    Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

    Published on: October 17, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Solid-state Physics
    • Optoelectronics

    Background:

    • Potassium tantalate niobate (KTa(x)Nb(1-x)O(3)) is a key material for electrooptic applications.
    • The longitudinal quadratic electrooptic effect is crucial for modulator design.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the longitudinal quadratic electrooptic effect in KTN crystals.
    • To determine optimal conditions for electrooptic modulation.
    • To analyze the performance and limitations of KTN-based modulators.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental investigation of the longitudinal quadratic electrooptic effect.
    • Application of the Devonshire thermodynamic formalism.
    • Derivation of expressions for modulator transfer functions.

    Main Results:

    • The electrooptic effect is optimal for the [110] crystal direction.
    • Low half-wave voltages (around 100 V) are achievable in thin KTN plates.
    • The Devonshire formalism accurately describes paraelectric and ferroelectric effects.
    • Observed temperature variation of half-wave voltage is anomalously large.
    • Derived transfer function expressions show good agreement with experimental data.

    Conclusions:

    • KTN modulators offer efficient electrooptic modulation with low voltages.
    • Devonshire formalism provides a robust framework for understanding KTN electrooptic behavior.
    • Power dissipation limits longitudinal KTN modulator operation to frequencies below 100 kHz.