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Measurements of Strain

Measurements of Strain

Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain gauge...

Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge

Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge

The utilization of strain gauges as transducers for converting mechanical strain into electrical signals is a common practice in various engineering applications. These strain gauges are frequently integrated into Wheatstone bridge circuits to accurately measure parameters such as force or pressure. Within this context, each element within the circuit exhibits a resistance that undergoes subtle variations when subjected to mechanical strain. The primary objective is to convert minuscule...

Shearing Strain

Shearing Strain

The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...

Stress-Strain Diagram

Stress-Strain Diagram

A stress-strain diagram is a crucial tool that graphically displays a material's mechanical characteristics. This diagram is derived from a tensile test performed on a carefully prepared cylindrical specimen. The specimen has two gauge marks inscribed on its central part, and the distance between these marks is known as the gauge length. The cylindrical specimen is placed in a testing machine, which applies an increasing centric load. As this load grows, so does the gauge length. This change in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes

Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes

Published on: May 23, 2017

Speckle-shearing interferometric technique: a full-field strain gauge.

Y Y Hung, R E Rowlands, I M Daniel

|February 6, 2010

Summary

This study introduces an advanced speckle-shearing interferometry technique for measuring surface displacement derivatives in four directions. The method is robust and suitable for real-world applications outside the lab.

Area of Science:

Optical Engineering
Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering

Background:

Conventional interferometry methods have limitations for in-situ measurements.
Accurate determination of surface displacement derivatives is crucial for structural analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To present an improved speckle-shearing interferometric method.
To enable simultaneous determination of surface displacement derivatives in four directions.
To adapt interferometric techniques for non-laboratory environments.

Main Methods:

Development of an improved speckle-shearing interferometric technique.
Theoretical presentation of the method's principles.
Experimental demonstration using statically loaded and vibrated structures.

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Intermediate Strain Rate Material Characterization with Digital Image Correlation

Intermediate Strain Rate Material Characterization with Digital Image Correlation

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Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method

Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method

Published on: January 16, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes

Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes

Published on: May 23, 2017

Intermediate Strain Rate Material Characterization with Digital Image Correlation

Intermediate Strain Rate Material Characterization with Digital Image Correlation

Published on: March 1, 2019

Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method

Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method

Published on: January 16, 2019

Main Results:

Simultaneous measurement of surface displacement derivatives in four directions.
Relaxation of limitations found in conventional interferometry.
Successful application in non-laboratory settings.

Conclusions:

The improved speckle-shearing interferometric method offers enhanced capabilities for structural displacement analysis.
The technique's adaptability makes it valuable for practical, real-world engineering applications.