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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in the 3500–3100 cm−1 range. Even though both O−H and N−H bonds vibrate at a similar...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that stretch at a...

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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
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Narrow-Bandwidth Tunable Infrared Difference-Frequency Generation at High Repetition Rates in LilO(3).

L S Goldberg

    Applied Optics
    |February 6, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study demonstrates efficient tunable infrared radiation generation using lithium iodate (LiIO3) crystals. Difference-frequency generation produced tunable infrared light from 1.25 to 5.65 micrometers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear optics
    • Solid-state laser technology

    Background:

    • Lithium iodate (LiIO3) is a nonlinear optical crystal.
    • Efficient generation of tunable infrared radiation is crucial for various spectroscopic applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate difference-frequency generation (DFG) in LiIO3 crystals.
    • To achieve tunable infrared radiation generation using a dye laser and a Nd:YAG laser.

    Main Methods:

    • Difference-frequency generation was performed in LiIO3.
    • A tunable dye laser, pumped by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser, was employed.
    • Rhodamine B dye laser output was mixed with Nd:YAG laser wavelengths (1.064 µm or 532 nm).

    Main Results:

    • Tunable infrared radiation with a bandwidth of 0.1 cm⁻¹ was generated.
    • The generated infrared wavelengths ranged from 1.25 µm to 1.60 µm and 3.40 µm to 5.65 µm.
    • High pulse-repetition rates were utilized for pumping.

    Conclusions:

    • LiIO3 is effective for generating tunable infrared radiation via DFG.
    • The experimental setup successfully produced broadband tunable infrared output.
    • This method offers a viable route for spectroscopic applications requiring specific infrared wavelengths.