Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
10:35

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Published on: February 12, 2013

Atmospheric distortions in a retroreflected laser signal

R F Lutomirski, R E Warren

    Applied Optics
    |February 6, 2010
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation10:52

    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

    Published on: February 4, 2017

    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator08:39

    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

    Published on: January 28, 2019

    Related Concept Videos

    Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

    Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

    During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
    Doppler Effect - II01:05

    Doppler Effect - II

    The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...
    Errors in Global Positioning System01:26

    Errors in Global Positioning System

    Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
    Propagation of Waves01:07

    Propagation of Waves

    When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
    Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...