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Related Concept Videos

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
Chromatographic Resolution01:15

Chromatographic Resolution

In chromatography, a solute moves through a chromatographic column and tends to spread, forming a Gaussian-shaped band. The longer the solute spends in the column, the broader the band becomes. The broadening can lead to overlaps within the column, affecting separation effectiveness.
The effectiveness of separation can be evaluated by determining the level of separation between two neighboring peaks in a chromatogram, which represents the individual components of a sample.
In chromatography,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions
08:21

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions

Published on: February 5, 2016

Isomer identification and resolution in small gold clusters.

Wei Huang1, Rhitankar Pal, Lei-Ming Wang

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|February 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers resolved distinct gold cluster isomers using photoelectron spectroscopy and calculations. Techniques like Ar-tagging and O(2)-titration helped identify new structures for gold(7) and gold(8) anions.

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A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions
08:21

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Published on: August 18, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding the structure of atomic clusters is crucial for developing new materials.
  • Gold clusters exhibit unique properties that are highly dependent on their size and isomeric structure.
  • Distinguishing between energetically similar isomers of gold anions has been experimentally challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve and characterize energetically close isomers of gold(7) and gold(8) anions.
  • To investigate the influence of experimental parameters on isomer populations in cluster beams.
  • To determine the global minimum and low-lying structures of gold and mixed gold-metal clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Combining photoelectron spectroscopy with ab initio calculations.
  • Utilizing Ar-tagging, O(2)-titration, and isoelectronic atom substitution (Cu, Ag) to tune isomer populations.
  • Employing basin-hopping global minimum searches for structure determination.

Main Results:

  • Confirmation of two distinct isomers for both Au(7)(-) and Au(8)(-).
  • Identification of a novel isomer structure for Au(7)(-).
  • Obtained isomer-specific photoelectron spectra for Au(8)(-) using O(2)-titration.
  • Calculated global minimum and low-lying structures for Au(7)(-), Au(8)(-), and related mixed clusters.

Conclusions:

  • The synergistic application of advanced photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations effectively resolves complex nanocluster isomers.
  • Experimental techniques like Ar-tagging and O(2)-titration provide powerful control over isomer distributions.
  • This approach is valuable for elucidating the structures of size-selected nanoclusters and understanding their energetic landscapes.