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Oligosaccharide Assembly

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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...

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High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

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Layer-by-layer assembly of polysaccharide-based nanostructured surfaces containing polyelectrolyte complex

Soheil Boddohi¹, Jorge Almodóvar, Hao Zhang

¹Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523-1370, USA.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces

|February 9, 2010

Summary

Polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PCNs) integrated into polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) enable controlled nanoscale surface topography and chemistry for biomaterials. This offers precise engineering of cell-interactive surfaces.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Nanoscale surface features significantly influence mammalian cell responses to biomaterials.
Engineering nanoscale surface topography and chemistry is crucial for developing advanced biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the use of polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PCNs) within polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) for creating surfaces with controlled nanoscale topography and chemistry.
To investigate the incorporation of PCNs into PEMs for tailored biomaterial surface engineering.

Main Methods:

Utilized chitosan, heparin, and hyaluronan to form PCNs and PEMs on gold and tissue-culture polystyrene substrates.
Characterized surface coatings using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and PM-IRRAS.

Main Results:

PCNs were found to be colloidally stable and homogeneously distributed within or on PEMs.
Chemical analysis confirmed significant alteration and coverage of surface chemistry by PCNs.
The vertical positioning of PCNs within the PEMs could be precisely controlled.

Conclusions:

PCNs can be effectively integrated into PEMs to introduce controlled nanoscale topographical and chemical features.
This approach provides a versatile method for engineering biomaterial surfaces with tailored nanoscale properties for specific biological interactions.