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Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocol for Inducing Depression-Like Behavior in Mice
05:28

A Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocol for Inducing Depression-Like Behavior in Mice

Published on: May 15, 2019

[Severe depression: recurrence and chronicity].

G Bertschy1

  • 1Hôpitaux universitaires et Université de Strasbourg, Service de psychiatrie 2, Hôpital civil, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex. gilles.bertschy@chu-strasbourg.fr

L'Encephale
|February 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Major depression recurrence affects 60% of individuals. While episode severity slightly increases recurrence risk, chronicity is not strongly linked to severity or recurrence, indicating moderate interactions.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Context:

  • Understanding the long-term course of major depressive disorder is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Identifying predictors of recurrence and chronicity can inform clinical management strategies.

Purpose:

  • To review the relationships between the clinical severity of depression, the risk of recurrence, and the risk of chronicity.
  • To examine how these factors influence the long-term prognosis of depressive disorders.

Summary:

  • Approximately 60% of first-episode major depression cases experience recurrence.
  • Depression severity shows a slight increase with recurrence risk and may be higher in recurrent episodes.
  • The risk of a major depressive episode persisting for two years is 10-20%.
  • Neither episode severity nor recurrence strongly predicts chronicity.
  • Minor depression increases the risk of new major depressive episodes.

Impact:

  • Findings suggest moderate interactions between depression severity, recurrence, and chronicity.
  • Worsening in one factor does not necessarily lead to dramatic worsening in others.
  • Recurrence and chronicity contribute to long-term depressive disorder severity, a significant clinical concern.