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Related Concept Videos

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...
Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions01:27

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers prevent the membrane depolarization of muscle cells and inhibit muscle contraction. These are usually administered with anesthetics to achieve complete muscle relaxation. Upon administration, these drugs first block the small, rapidly contracting muscles of the face and hands, followed by the larger muscles of the trunk and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the last muscle to be affected.
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...
Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison01:09

Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison

Skeletal muscle relaxants can target the central nervous system [CNS] to reduce muscle tension or act directly at the neuromuscular junction to induce temporary paralysis. These two classes of muscle relaxants are called centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants. They differ in their action, mechanism, administration route, and clinical uses.
Centrally acting muscle relaxants can be further divided into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs,...
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...

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Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea
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Comparing Botox and Xeomin for axillar hyperhidrosis.

Dirk Dressler1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. dressler.dirk@mh-hannover.de

Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
|February 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Xeomin, a new botulinum toxin type A, is safe and effective for treating axillary hyperhidrosis. Its efficacy, diffusion, and side effects are comparable to Botox, allowing for easy product exchange.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • A novel botulinum toxin type A, Xeomin, has been developed with reduced-size components.
  • The potential impact of Xeomin's altered composition on its therapeutic properties, including tissue diffusion and adverse effects, requires investigation.
  • Botulinum toxin type A is a established treatment for hyperhidrosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Xeomin in treating idiopathic axillary hyperhidrosis.
  • To compare the therapeutic effects, tissue diffusion, and adverse event profiles of Xeomin and Botox.
  • To determine if Xeomin can be safely and effectively substituted for Botox in hyperhidrosis treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, side-by-side comparison of Xeomin and Botox in 46 patients with axillary hyperhidrosis.
  • Patients received 50 MU of either Xeomin or Botox in each axilla.
  • Efficacy and safety outcomes were assessed by patients, injectors, and observers.

Main Results:

  • Xeomin demonstrated excellent (89%) to good (11%) therapeutic effects, lasting an average of 3.2 months.
  • No significant differences were detected in onset latency, extent, or duration of therapeutic effect between Xeomin and Botox.
  • Injection site pain and adverse effects were identical between the two treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Xeomin is a safe and effective alternative for treating axillary hyperhidrosis.
  • Xeomin's efficacy, diffusion, and safety profile are comparable to Botox.
  • Identical potency labeling facilitates the interchangeable use of Xeomin and Botox.