Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence in medicine.

Nature biomedical engineering·2026
Same author

Consensus Recommendations on Lipohypertrophy: Insights From an International Panel of Experts.

Diabetes research and clinical practice·2026
Same author

What do LLMs value? An evaluation framework for revealing subjective trade-offs in assessment of glycemic control.

Proceedings of machine learning research·2026
Same author

Real-World Evidence Assessment of the Risk of Nonfatal Stroke in Patients Prescribed SGLT2 Inhibitors.

Stroke research and treatment·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Clinical assessment and acceptance criteria for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system performance: A proposed guideline by the IFCC working group on CGM" [Clin. Chim. Acta 580 (2026) 120728].

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry·2026
Same author

Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Mortality Risk Among U.S. Veterans Receiving Dialysis With Diabetes.

Diabetes care·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Insulin pump safety meeting: summary report.

David C Klonoff1, Juliet S Reyes

  • 1Mills-Peninsula Health Services, San Mateo, California, USA. dklonoff@yahoo.com

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|February 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Insulin pump therapy offers benefits for all ages, but experts identified six key areas, including software and alarms, needing safety improvements. Careful regulation is crucial to ensure the safe use of insulin pumps.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Device Safety
  • Diabetes Technology
  • Clinical Engineering

Background:

  • A panel of experts convened by the Diabetes Technology Society analyzed insulin pump safety features.
  • The panel included physicians, nurses, diabetes educators, and engineers to provide diverse perspectives.
  • The meeting was requested by the Food and Drug Administration to address safety concerns.

Framework:

  • The panel evaluated software, hardware, wireless communication, alarms, human factors, and bolus-dose calculations for potential safety issues.
  • Discussions covered engineering design, patient selection, clinical settings, and insulin dosage management.
  • Analysis incorporated engineering, medical, nursing, and user perspectives on insulin pump technology.

Implementation:

  • Recommendations were made to enhance current insulin pump design and usage for improved safety.

More Related Videos

Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate
05:58

Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate

Published on: June 25, 2019

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate
05:58

Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate

Published on: June 25, 2019

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

  • The panel focused on identifying and mitigating risks associated with specific technological components.
  • The goal was to ensure the safe application of insulin pump therapy across different patient populations.

    • Implications:

    • Consensus was reached that insulin pump therapy is beneficial for patients of all ages.
    • Ensuring insulin pump safety through stringent regulation was deemed essential.
    • The findings aim to guide future development and regulatory oversight of insulin pump technology.