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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Mortality Risk Among U.S. Veterans Receiving Dialysis With Diabetes.

Yoko Narasaki1,2, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh1,2,3,4,5, Yaara Zisman-Ilani6,7,8

  • 1David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA.

Diabetes Care
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use was linked to improved survival for U.S. veterans with diabetes undergoing dialysis. This study suggests CGM may offer better clinical outcomes for this patient population.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Diabetes patients on dialysis face significant dysglycemia challenges.
  • Traditional glycemic monitoring methods lack accuracy and convenience for dialysis patients.
  • Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers a more comprehensive and less invasive approach to glycemic data collection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between CGM use and survival rates in U.S. veterans with diabetes undergoing dialysis.
  • To compare clinical outcomes between patients using CGM and those not using CGM.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study utilizing linked national data from Veterans Affairs, U.S. Renal Data System, and Medicare.
  • Propensity score matching was employed to compare incident CGM users with non-users.
  • Survival analysis using Cox models evaluated the association between CGM use and all-cause mortality.

Main Results:

  • CGM use was associated with a reduced risk of mortality in propensity score-matched veterans.
  • Hazard ratios (HR) indicated improved survival with CGM use in both complete case (HR 0.83) and multiple imputation (HR 0.84) analyses.
  • These findings remained consistent across unadjusted and doubly adjusted models.

Conclusions:

  • Incident use of CGM was associated with enhanced survival among veterans with diabetes receiving dialysis.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms behind this association and CGM's impact on other dialysis-related outcomes.