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Published on: June 11, 2012
Hyperglycemia in critical illness: a review
1Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|February 11, 2010
Summary
Critically ill patients often experience hyperglycemia, leading to poorer outcomes. Insulin therapy can help prevent complications by maintaining normal blood glucose levels.
Area of Science:
- Critical Care Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Hyperglycemia is frequent in critically ill patients.
- It is linked to increased mortality and morbidity.
- Stress response, hormonal changes, and insulin resistance contribute to hyperglycemia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the causes and consequences of hyperglycemia in critical illness.
- To discuss the mechanisms of harm associated with hyperglycemia.
- To highlight the role of insulin in managing hyperglycemia.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on hyperglycemia in critically ill patients.
- Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms.
- Evaluation of therapeutic interventions.
Main Results:
- Hyperglycemia is exacerbated by nutritional support and certain medications.
- Potential harm mechanisms include altered osmolality, acidosis, and oxidative stress.
- These factors impair endothelial, immune, and coagulation functions.
Conclusions:
- Hyperglycemia in critical illness is associated with significant complications.
- Insulin therapy is effective in preventing or mitigating these adverse effects.
- Maintaining normoglycemia is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
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