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Closed-loop artificial pancreas using subcutaneous glucose sensing and insulin delivery and a model predictive
William L Clarke1, Stacey Anderson, Marc Breton
1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA. wlc@virginia.edu
Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|February 11, 2010
Summary
A new artificial pancreas system using model predictive control (MPC) effectively manages blood glucose (BG) overnight for type 1 diabetes patients. This closed-loop system significantly reduces hypoglycemia compared to traditional methods.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Endocrinology
- Diabetes Technology
Background:
- Advancements in continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and insulin pumps enable closed-loop systems for type 1 diabetes.
- Prototypes of subcutaneous closed-loop systems are being developed to manage blood glucose (BG).
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate a personalized model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for closed-loop BG control.
- To maintain BG levels between 70-140 mg/dl overnight and control postprandial BG levels.
Main Methods:
- Eight adults with type 1 diabetes participated in two study conditions: open-loop and closed-loop control.
- The closed-loop system utilized an MPC algorithm for BG management overnight and post-meal.
- Key metrics included average BG, time in target range, hypoglycemia episodes, and postprandial excursions.
Main Results:
- Closed-loop control maintained BG within the 70-140 mg/dl target range overnight in 7/8 subjects.
- Overnight hypoglycemia events were significantly reduced with closed-loop control (p = .011).
- Postprandial BG excursions were comparable between closed-loop and open-loop systems.
Conclusions:
- Model predictive closed-loop control is effective for overnight and post-meal BG management in type 1 diabetes.
- The artificial pancreas demonstrates superior performance in preventing overnight hypoglycemia compared to open-loop control.
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