Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The enigmatic RNase MRP of kinetoplastids.

RNA biology·2021
Same author

Accurate and Sensitive Analysis of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Deep Sequencing of Single Nucleotide Variations.

The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD·2018
Same author

Minimal residual disease assessed with deep sequencing of NPM1 mutations predicts relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplant in AML.

Leukemia & lymphoma·2018
Same author

Helicobacter suis binding to carbohydrates on human and porcine gastric mucins and glycolipids occurs via two modes.

Virulence·2018
Same author

CDK9 and SPT5 proteins are specifically required for expression of herpes simplex virus 1 replication-dependent late genes.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2017
Same author

Aeromonas salmonicida Growth in Response to Atlantic Salmon Mucins Differs between Epithelial Sites, Is Governed by Sialylated and <i>N</i>-Acetylhexosamine-Containing <i>O</i>-Glycans, and Is Affected by Ca<sup>2</sup>.

Infection and immunity·2017
Same journal

Mild oxidative stress and dietary epigenetic modulators direct DNA methylation remodeling toward stress-resilience pathways.

BMC genomics·2026
Same journal

Integrative ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq analysis identifies key genes for intramuscular fat content in Laiwu pigs.

BMC genomics·2026
Same journal

A comprehensive long RNA landscape of multi-regional porcine lung-derived small extracellular vesicles.

BMC genomics·2026
Same journal

pGWAS-Portal: a comprehensive online platform for integrative post-genome-wide association study analysis.

BMC genomics·2026
Same journal

Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of Rosa persica in response to drought stress and functional validation of the transcription factor RpERF113-like.

BMC genomics·2026
Same journal

Integrated analysis of chromatin accessibility and transcriptome profiles in granulosa cells of sheep with different FecB genotypes.

BMC genomics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast
07:31

ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast

Published on: June 30, 2022

U12 type introns were lost at multiple occasions during evolution.

Sebastian Bartschat1, Tore Samuelsson

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 440, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden.

BMC Genomics
|February 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

U12 introns, essential for a rare splicing type, are absent in organisms lacking U12 spliceosome components. This study reveals numerous instances of U12-dependent splicing loss throughout eukaryotic evolution.

More Related Videos

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency
08:53

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast
07:31

ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast

Published on: June 30, 2022

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency
08:53

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Two main intron types exist: common U2 and rare U12.
  • Distinct spliceosomes process U2 and U12 introns.
  • U12 spliceosomal RNAs (U11, U12, U4atac, U6atac) suggest U12 spliceosome loss in various groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phylogenetic distribution of U2 and U12 introns.
  • To correlate the presence of U12 introns with U12 spliceosomal components across different species.

Main Methods:

  • Prediction of U2 and U12 introns using EST and genomic sequences.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of intron distribution.
  • Comparative gene analysis between related species (e.g., T. spiralis and C. elegans).

Main Results:

  • U12 introns are absent in species lacking U12 spliceosomal components (e.g., Monosiga brevicollis, Entamoeba histolytica, green algae, diatoms, Basidiomycota).
  • U12 splicing is absent in Caenorhabditis elegans, but U12 introns and snRNAs are present in Trichinella spiralis.
  • Mechanisms for U12 intron loss were identified by comparing homologous genes.

Conclusions:

  • Phylogenetic distribution supports an early origin for U12-dependent splicing.
  • Identifies numerous events of U12 splicing loss during eukaryotic evolution.