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Related Concept Videos

Punishment01:27

Punishment

Negative reinforcement and punishment are often confused but serve distinct functions in behavior modification. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood of a desired behavior, while punishment decreases it.
Punishment can be positive or negative. Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus, such as scolding, to decrease a behavior. Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus, such as taking away a favorite toy, to decrease behavior.
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization01:12

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Error is the deviation of the obtained result from the true, expected value or the estimated central value. Errors are expressed in absolute or relative terms.
Absolute error in a measurement is the numerical difference from the true or central value. Relative error is the ratio between absolute error and the true or central value, expressed as a percentage.
Errors can be classified by source, magnitude, and sign. There are three types of errors: systematic, random, and gross.
Systematic or...
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview

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Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents
06:59

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents

Published on: August 14, 2018

The broken pen penalty.

Umashankar Lakshmanadoss1, Sabarish Ayyappan, Akshay Jain

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Unity Hospital, Rochester, New York 14626, USA. drlumashankar@gmail.com

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
|February 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insulin pens offer convenience for diabetes self-management. However, mechanical malfunctions can occur, leading to poor glycemic control, necessitating consideration of device failure in patients with worsening diabetes.

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Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Medical Devices
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Insulin pen devices have transformed diabetes self-care.
  • Prefilled insulin pens are widely adopted due to convenience and flexibility.
  • Mechanical devices, including insulin pens, are susceptible to malfunction.

Observation:

  • A case study details a patient whose glycemic control worsened significantly.
  • The deterioration in blood sugar levels was linked to an insulin pen malfunction.
  • This highlights a potential, often overlooked, cause of poor diabetes management.

Findings:

  • Insulin pen malfunction can directly lead to acute deterioration of glycemic control.
  • This malfunction can occur despite the perceived reliability of prefilled devices.
  • The specific mechanism of malfunction in this case study warrants further investigation.

Implications:

  • Healthcare providers must consider insulin pen malfunction as a potential cause of uncontrolled diabetes.
  • Routine assessment of insulin pen function may be necessary for patients experiencing unexplained glycemic changes.
  • Further research into insulin pen reliability and failure modes is recommended to improve patient outcomes.