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IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

IR Spectrum

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

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Cryogenic infrared grating spectrometer.

D P McNutt, K Shivanandan, M Daehler

|February 16, 2010

Summary

A rocket-borne spectrometer designed for auroral studies experienced a cryogenic failure during its flight. This limited the collection of spectral data in the 5-70 micrometer range, despite the instrument

Area of Science:

Space physics
Astrophysics
Spectroscopy

Background:

Auroral emissions are crucial for understanding atmospheric processes.
Previous spectroscopic studies of auroras have limitations in spectral range or resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a novel liquid-helium-cooled Ebert-Fastie grating spectrometer for auroral research.
To measure the 5-70 micrometer spectral range of auroral emissions from a sounding rocket platform.

Main Methods:

Development of a liquid-helium-cooled Ebert-Fastie grating spectrometer.
Utilizing twelve detectors and filters to cover the 5-70 micrometer spectral range.
Scanning spectral intervals via grating rotation during rocket ascent.

Main Results:

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The spectrometer was launched on a sounding rocket targeting an aurora.
A cryogenic failure occurred early in the flight, preventing full data acquisition.
A limited dataset of auroral spectral emissions was obtained.

Conclusions:

The developed spectrometer has the potential for valuable auroral spectral measurements.
Further flights are needed to obtain comprehensive data due to the early cryogenic failure.