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Moisture resistant optical films: their production and characterization.

R H Hopkins, R A Hoffman, W E Kramer

    Applied Optics
    |February 16, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Protective films like calcium fluoride (CaF2) and fluorinated polymers significantly enhance moisture resistance in optical materials. Heat treatment further improves CaF2 film performance, increasing durability for optical components.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optical Engineering
    • Thin Film Technology

    Background:

    • Optical components made from materials like Barium Fluoride (BaF2) and Sodium Chloride (NaCl) are susceptible to moisture degradation.
    • Protective coatings are essential for enhancing the durability and lifespan of these optical substrates in humid environments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the moisture resistance of various protective films, including Calcium Fluoride (CaF2), Lanthanum Fluoride (LaF3), and fluorinated polymers (TFE, FEP).
    • To assess the effectiveness of these films when deposited on BaF2 and NaCl substrates using an accelerated humidity test.
    • To investigate the impact of heat treatment on the protective properties and performance of CaF2 films.

    Main Methods:

    • An accelerated humidity test was employed, involving 24-hour cycles between 27-50°C at 95% relative humidity.

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  • Moisture resistance was rated by the number of test cycles before specimen degradation.
  • Microhardness measurements were conducted on CaF2 films to correlate hardness with humidity resistance.

    • Main Results:

    • CaF2, TFE, and LaF3 coatings significantly increased the test life of BaF2 specimens, extending it from 4 to over 9, 26, and 42 cycles, respectively.
    • Heat-treated CaF2 films doubled the lifespan of BaF2 specimens.
    • CaF2 and TFE coatings improved the lifetime of NaCl specimens from less than one cycle to 1 and 3 cycles, respectively; LaF3 did not adhere to NaCl.

    Conclusions:

    • Calcium Fluoride (CaF2) and TFE coatings provide substantial moisture protection for BaF2 and NaCl substrates.
    • Heat treatment enhances CaF2 film density, hardness, and refractive index, leading to improved moisture resistance.
    • CaF2 and TFE films offer dual functionality as both protective layers and anti-reflective coatings for BaF2 and NaCl.