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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Vascular pathology in the aged human brain.

Lea Tenenholz Grinberg1, Dietmar Rudolf Thal

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, 305 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Acta Neuropathologica
|February 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cerebral atherosclerosis, small vessel disease, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are common in aging brains. Apolipoprotein E plays a key role in these conditions and their associated vascular lesions and blood-brain barrier dysfunction.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cerebrovascular Diseases
  • Aging Brain

Background:

  • Cerebral atherosclerosis (AS), small vessel disease (SVD), and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are prevalent arterial disorders in the aged brain.
  • AS and SVD share pathogenic mechanisms involving plasma protein leakage, lipid-laden macrophages, and vessel wall fibrosis.
  • CAA is characterized by amyloid beta-protein deposition in vessel walls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationships between AS, SVD, and CAA.
  • To examine their contribution to vascular tissue lesions (hemorrhage, infarction).
  • To emphasize the role of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in pathogenesis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cerebrovascular disorders in the aged brain.
  • Analysis of shared and distinct pathogenetic mechanisms of AS, SVD, and CAA.
  • Examination of the role of apoE in these diseases and their consequences.

Main Results:

  • Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is implicated in AS, SVD, and CAA.
  • AS, SVD, and CAA contribute to hemorrhage and infarction.
  • SVD-related BBB dysfunction causes white matter lesions (WMLs) and lacunar infarcts.

Conclusions:

  • ApoE is a key factor in the pathogenesis of AS, SVD, and CAA.
  • These disorders lead to significant vascular tissue damage.
  • BBB dysfunction, particularly related to SVD, is crucial for WML and lacunar infarct development.