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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Leaf Spray Mass Spectrometry: A Rapid Ambient Ionization Technique to Directly Assess Metabolites from Plant Tissues
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Development, characterization, and application of paper spray ionization.

Jiangjiang Liu1, He Wang, Nicholas E Manicke

  • 1The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|February 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Paper spray ionization is a novel mass spectrometry technique for analyzing complex mixtures directly from paper. This method enables sensitive detection of various compounds, including drugs and biomolecules, in diverse sample types.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Leaf Spray Mass Spectrometry: A Rapid Ambient Ionization Technique to Directly Assess Metabolites from Plant Tissues
06:43

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Characterizing Bacterial Volatiles using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SESI-MS)

Published on: June 8, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Chemical Analysis

Background:

  • Direct sampling ionization methods are crucial for simplifying mass spectrometric analysis.
  • Traditional methods often require extensive sample preparation, limiting speed and applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate paper spray ionization as a direct sampling technique for mass spectrometry.
  • To demonstrate its versatility across various analytes and sample matrices.
  • To highlight its potential for field and non-laboratory applications.

Main Methods:

  • High voltage is applied to a paper triangle wetted with a small sample volume (<10 microL).
  • Analyte ions are generated directly from the paper substrate.
  • Paper serves as a sampling substrate, wetting medium, and ionization source.

Main Results:

  • Successfully analyzed diverse compounds including small organic molecules, peptides, and proteins.
  • Achieved sensitive detection (50 ng/mL) of atenolol in bovine blood.
  • Demonstrated high sensitivity screening for illicit drugs (heroin) and agrochemicals.
  • Enabled analysis of dried biofluid spots and online derivatization for cholesterol analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Paper spray ionization is a versatile and sensitive direct sampling method for mass spectrometry.
  • Its ease of use and applicability to various samples facilitate analysis in non-laboratory settings.
  • Integration with miniature mass spectrometers promises widespread adoption in diverse environments.