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Related Experiment Video

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Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

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Published on: January 9, 2016

Delay discounting in current and former marijuana-dependent individuals.

Matthew W Johnson1, Warren K Bickel, Forest Baker

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224-6823, USA. mwj@jhu.edu

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
|February 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study found that marijuana dependence is linked to a slight increase in delay discounting, the tendency to devalue future rewards. This effect was less pronounced than with other drugs, with tobacco use showing a stronger correlation.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction research

Background:

  • Drug-dependent individuals often exhibit greater delay discounting than controls.
  • Previous research indicates significant delay discounting associated with various substance dependencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare delay discounting of monetary and marijuana rewards among marijuana-dependent users, former users, and controls.
  • To investigate the relationship between delay discounting, impulsivity, and personality traits in marijuana users.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of delay discounting for hypothetical $1,000 reward across three groups: dependent marijuana users, former dependent users, and matched controls.
  • Assessment of marijuana discounting in dependent users.
  • Administration of impulsivity and personality questionnaires, including the Eysenck Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy questionnaire and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11.
  • Utilized the Stanford Time Perception Inventory Present-Fatalistic subscale.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in monetary reward discounting were found between the groups, though a trend suggested higher discounting in currently dependent users.
  • Within the dependent group, marijuana was discounted more than money, with significant positive correlation between discounting of both.
  • Dependent marijuana users scored higher on one impulsivity scale (Eysenck), but not others.
  • Tobacco use showed a stronger association with delay discounting than marijuana use.
  • A sense of powerlessness over the future correlated positively with both monetary and marijuana discounting.

Conclusions:

  • Current marijuana dependence may be associated with a modest increase in delay discounting, but the effect size is smaller compared to other substances.
  • Impulsivity and a fatalistic outlook on the future are related to delay discounting in this population.
  • Findings suggest a nuanced relationship between marijuana use, delay discounting, and associated psychological factors.