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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...

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Functional Neuroimaging of Language Using Magnetoencephalography.

Richard E Frye1, Roozbeh Rezaie, Andrew C Papanicolaou

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX.

Physics of Life Reviews
|February 18, 2010
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Magnetoencephalography (MEG) offers a non-invasive method for brain mapping, particularly for localizing language cortex. This functional mapping technique shows promise as an alternative to invasive methods for pre-surgical evaluation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures neurophysiological activity via magnetic flux.
  • Accurate language cortex localization is crucial for pre-surgical planning.
  • Invasive methods like the Wada procedure are traditional gold standards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of MEG for functional language mapping.
  • To evaluate MEG's effectiveness in clinical and normal populations.
  • To compare MEG's validity against established invasive techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Description of MEG principles relevant to language mapping.
  • Discussion of MEG language-mapping protocols.
  • Spatiotemporal analysis of language-related brain activity.

Main Results:

  • MEG provides non-invasive neurophysiological measures.
  • MEG enables functional mapping of language-specific cortex.
  • MEG protocols generate reliable spatiotemporal activity profiles.

Conclusions:

  • MEG is a valuable tool for non-invasive language mapping.
  • MEG offers a viable alternative to invasive pre-surgical mapping methods.
  • Further validation of MEG against gold standards is discussed.