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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of specific...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

Developmental hearing loss disrupts synaptic inhibition: implications for auditory processing.

Anne E Takesian1, Vibhakar C Kotak, Dan H Sanes

  • 1Center for Neural Science, New York, University, NY 10003, USA, Tel.: +1 212 998 3914, , aet241@nyu.edu.

Future Neurology
|February 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developmental hearing loss causes lasting central auditory deficits. This review explores changes in inhibitory synapses within the central auditory pathway, offering targets for functional improvement.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity
10:31

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity

Published on: August 18, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Developmental hearing loss induces persistent central nervous system deficits.
  • Central inhibitory synapses are crucial for auditory processing.
  • Alterations in these synapses contribute to auditory processing impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review anatomical and physiological changes in central inhibitory synapses after hearing loss.
  • To explore the link between aberrant inhibitory function and deficits in auditory cue encoding.
  • To identify potential cellular targets for improving auditory function post-hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on inhibitory synapse alterations in the central auditory pathway.
  • Analysis of anatomical and physiological changes.
  • Correlation of synaptic changes with functional deficits in auditory processing.

Main Results:

  • Hearing loss leads to significant anatomical and physiological alterations in inhibitory connections.
  • Aberrant inhibitory synaptic function is associated with impaired binaural and spectral cue encoding.
  • Specific cellular changes at inhibitory synapses are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Central inhibitory synapse dysfunction is a key deficit following developmental hearing loss.
  • Targeting these specific cellular changes offers a promising strategy for therapeutic intervention.
  • Restoring inhibitory balance may improve auditory processing in individuals with hearing loss.