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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes
Published on: April 1, 2013
Synthesis and characterization of organic dyes containing various donors and acceptors
Tzi-Yi Wu1, Ming-Hsiu Tsao, Fu-Lin Chen
1Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Abstract:
New organic dyes comprising carbazole, iminodibenzyl, or phenothiazine moieties, respectively, as the electron donors, and cyanoacetic acid or acrylic acid moieties as the electron acceptors/anchoring groups were synthesized and characterized. The influence of heteroatoms on carbazole, iminodibenzyl and phenothiazine donors, and cyano-substitution on the acid acceptor is evidenced by spectral, electrochemical, photovoltaic experiments, and density functional theory calculations. The phenothiazine dyes show solar-energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency (eta) of 3.46-5.53%, whereas carbazole and iminodibenzyl dyes show eta of 2.43% and 3.49%, respectively.
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