Stress analysis in simulation models with or without implant threads representation

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Engineering
• Computational Mechanics
• Dental Implantology

Background:

• Finite element analysis (FEA) is a valuable tool for simulating biomechanical behavior.
• Accurate modeling of dental implants is essential for predicting stress distribution and optimizing design.
• Understanding the influence of implant surface features, like threads, on stress is critical for clinical success.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of simulating dental implant threads versus smooth surfaces on two-dimensional finite element analysis outcomes.
• To compare stress values and distribution in edentulous mandibular bone models with precise and simplified implant representations.

Main Methods:

• Two-dimensional finite element models of edentulous mandibular posterior bone were created.
• Models included either accurately simulated implant threads (precise model) or smooth surfaces (simplified model).
• A 133 N load was applied at a 30-degree angulation, 2 mm off-axis, and Von Mises stresses were measured using ANSYS software.

Main Results:

• The precise model exhibited higher maximum stress values (1.45 MPa) compared to the simplified model (1.2 MPa).
• Cortical bone showed a substantial difference in stress values (~36%) between the precise (292.95 MPa) and simplified (401.14 MPa) models.
• Trabecular bone displayed similar stress distribution and values (19.35 MPa vs. 20.35 MPa) between the two models.
• Stress concentrations were observed around the implant neck and apex in both models.

Conclusions:

• Simulating implant threads significantly influences absolute stress values, particularly in cortical bone.
• Despite differences in absolute stress, the overall stress distribution patterns were similar between precise and simplified models.
• Accurate representation of implant threads is important for detailed stress analysis in dental implant FEA.