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Related Concept Videos

Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression in Cancer Cell Lines to Study the Recruitment of Monocytes/Macrophages to the Tumor Microenvironment
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Flexible Accelerated STOP Tetracycline Operator-knockin (FAST): a versatile and efficient new gene modulating system.

Kenji F Tanaka1, Susanne E Ahmari, E David Leonardo

  • 1Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki Aichi, Japan.

Biological Psychiatry
|February 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The Flexible Accelerated STOP Tetracycline Operator (FAST) system enables rapid generation of diverse gene-modified mouse models for disease screening. This efficient method accelerates the creation of knockout, overexpression, and conditional knockdown strains for in vivo studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Efficient manipulation of gene expression in vivo is crucial for disease modeling.
  • Current methods for generating diverse gene-modified animal strains can be time-consuming.
  • Rapid screening of animal models is essential for understanding disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient system for manipulating gene expression in vivo to rapidly screen animal models of disease.
  • To create a versatile platform for generating multiple gene expression patterns from a single targeting event.
  • To demonstrate the applicability of the system in modeling neuropsychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Flexible Accelerated STOP Tetracycline Operator (tetO)-knockin (FAST) system.
  • Generation of STOP-tetO and tetO knockin mice from a single gene targeting event.
  • Utilizing the FAST system to create knockout, rescue, misexpression, overexpression, and conditional knockout/knockdown strains.

Main Results:

  • A single gene targeting event in the FAST system yields two distinct knockin mice.
  • The FAST system allows for the generation of multiple strains with variable expression patterns, including knockout, rescue, misexpression, overexpression, and conditional knockout/knockdown.
  • The system was successfully applied to genes implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, including Mlc1, neuroligin 3, serotonin 1A receptor, and serotonin 1B receptor.

Conclusions:

  • The FAST system provides an efficient method for manipulating gene expression in vivo.
  • Multiple gain-of-function and loss-of-function strains can be generated on an unprecedented time scale.
  • The FAST system demonstrates flexibility and broad applicability for generating and screening clinically relevant animal models.