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Related Concept Videos

Constant Volume Calorimetry02:41

Constant Volume Calorimetry

Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...
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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators
10:26

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Published on: May 21, 2016

Variable-aperture calorimeter for an unstable resonator.

R A Chodzko, S B Mason, R R Giedt

    Applied Optics
    |February 19, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel internal-cavity calorimeter, the Variable Aperture Calorimeter Absorbing Scraper (VACAS), precisely measures continuous-wave (cw) edge-coupled unstable resonator output power. This technique optimizes laser mode geometry and power efficiency in chemical lasers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Laser physics
    • Optical engineering
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Edge-coupled unstable resonators are crucial for high-power lasers.
    • Accurate output power measurement is essential for optimizing laser performance.
    • Existing methods may not adequately characterize variable mode geometries.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a new technique for measuring output power from cw edge-coupled unstable resonators.
    • To apply this technique to a cw Deuterium Fluoride (DF) laser.
    • To demonstrate the utility of the technique for optimizing laser parameters.

    Main Methods:

    • An internal-cavity calorimeter, the Variable Aperture Calorimeter Absorbing Scraper (VACAS), was designed and implemented.
    • The VACAS device replaces the conventional output coupling mirror.
    • It features an absorbing copper plate with a variable rectangular aperture to define the laser mode geometry.

    Main Results:

    • The VACAS device successfully measured output power from a cw DF laser with variable rectangular mode geometry.
    • The technique allowed for containment of radiation within the resonator during measurement.
    • Two key applications were demonstrated: optimizing mode geometry for gain variation and analyzing power tradeoffs in folded resonators.

    Conclusions:

    • The VACAS device offers a precise method for measuring output power in cw edge-coupled unstable resonators.
    • This technique is valuable for optimizing laser performance, particularly in chemical lasers with gain variations.
    • VACAS facilitates the study of power tradeoffs in different unstable resonator configurations, such as folded designs.