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Updated: Jun 16, 2026
Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
Published on: November 21, 2017
The relationship between perioperative temperature and adverse outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft
Edward L Hannan1, Zaza Samadashvili, Andrew Wechsler
1University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12144-3456, USA. elh03@health.state.ny.us
Objective:
The study objective was to determine predictors of hypothermia and hyperthermia, and the impact of hypothermia and hyperthermia on postoperative outcomes for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.
Methods:
We performed a retrospective study of 2294 patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in New York in 2007. Patients were classified as moderately to severely hypothermic (< or = 34.5 degrees C), mildly hypothermic (34.6 degrees C-35.9 degrees C), or mildly hyperthermic (37.5 degrees C-38.8 degrees C) after leaving the operating room. Significant independent predictors of these temperature states and the independent impact of each of these states on in-hospital mortality and complications were identified.
Results:
A total of 37.7% of patients were mildly hypothermic, 9.0% of patients were moderately to severely hypothermic, and 5.6% of patients were mildly hyperthermic. Significant independent predictors for postoperative hypothermia included older age, female gender, lower body surface area, congestive heart failure, higher ventricular function, non-Hispanic ethnicity, single/double-vessel disease, low postoperative hematocrit, previous cardiac surgery, race other than white or black, and organ transplant. Patients with moderate to severe hypothermia had significantly higher risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality than patients with normothermia (adjusted odds ratio 3.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-8.08). Patients with mild hyperthermia also had significantly higher mortality (adjusted odds ratio 5.04; 95% confidence interval,1.18-21.55). Patients with either mild or moderate to severe hypothermia had significantly higher rates of respiratory failure and unplanned operations, and patients with mild hyperthermia had a significantly higher rate of respiratory failure than normothermic patients.
Conclusion:
It is important to maintain normal postsurgical core temperatures in patients who have undergone cardiac surgery to minimize or avoid death and complications.
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