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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

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Evanescent Field Based Photoacoustics: Optical Property Evaluation at Surfaces
10:21

Evanescent Field Based Photoacoustics: Optical Property Evaluation at Surfaces

Published on: July 26, 2016

Photoacoustic technique for determining optical absorption coefficients in solids.

A Hordvik, H Schlossberg

    Applied Optics
    |February 20, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study explores a photoacoustic technique for measuring optical absorption in solids. The method uses laser pulses and a piezoelectric transducer, achieving high sensitivity for precise material characterization.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optics
    • Acoustics

    Background:

    • Accurate measurement of optical absorption coefficients is crucial for understanding material properties.
    • Existing techniques may have limitations in sensitivity or applicability to various solid materials.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and validate a photoacoustic technique for determining the optical absorption coefficient in solid samples.
    • To assess the sensitivity and practical limitations of this photoacoustic method.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a photoacoustic approach involving a train of laser pulses transmitted through solid samples.
    • Employed a piezoelectric transducer attached to the sample to detect elastic waves generated by absorbed laser energy.
    • Performed calibration using a wavelength with a known absorption coefficient.

    Main Results:

    • The photoacoustic technique demonstrated sensitivity capable of measuring absorption coefficients down to the 10(-6) cm(-1) range.
    • Scattered radiation onto the transducer limited the sensitivity in the tested samples to approximately 1 x 10(-5) cm(-1).
    • Effective measurements were achievable with approximately 1 W of laser power.

    Conclusions:

    • The photoacoustic technique is a viable and sensitive method for quantifying optical absorption in solids.
    • Further optimization could potentially overcome scattering limitations for even greater sensitivity.
    • This technique offers a valuable tool for materials characterization and optical property analysis.