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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
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Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
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One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

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On...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
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The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...

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Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared
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Measurement techniques for small absorption coefficients: recent advances.

A Hordvik

    Applied Optics
    |February 23, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This review covers new methods for measuring low optical absorption losses. Thermocouple and photoacoustic calorimetry offer simultaneous bulk and surface absorption measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Materials Science
    • Metrology
    • Physical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Accurate measurement of low absorption losses is critical for advanced optical materials.
    • Existing techniques have limitations in sensitivity and ability to differentiate bulk from surface absorption.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and compare newly developed methods for measuring low absorption losses in optical materials.
    • To highlight techniques capable of simultaneous bulk and surface absorption determination.
    • To propose a novel method for low bulk loss measurement.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of transmission, emittance, and calorimetric techniques.
    • Detailed discussion of thermocouple calorimetry.
    • Emphasis on photoacoustic calorimetry for simultaneous bulk and surface absorption.
    • Proposal of a new ac interferometric calorimetric method.

    Main Results:

    • Various techniques for measuring low optical absorption losses are presented.
    • Thermocouple and photoacoustic calorimetry enable simultaneous determination of bulk and surface absorption.
    • Sensitivity estimates for different techniques are provided.
    • A new ac interferometric calorimetric method for low bulk loss measurement is proposed.

    Conclusions:

    • Newly developed calorimetric methods offer significant advantages for characterizing optical material absorption.
    • Photoacoustic calorimetry is particularly effective for distinguishing between bulk and surface absorption.
    • The proposed ac interferometric method shows promise for highly sensitive low bulk loss measurements.