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    Area of Science:

    • Optical physics
    • Radiometry
    • Instrumentation

    Background:

    • Diffraction effects are critical in precise optical measurements.
    • Understanding these effects is essential for accurate radiometric data.
    • Circular apertures are common in optical systems, necessitating diffraction analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To calculate diffraction corrections for circular apertures.
    • To investigate diffraction effects with monochromatic and complex radiation.
    • To determine optimal configurations for minimizing diffraction in radiometric measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Analytical calculations of diffraction corrections for point and extended sources.
    • Intensity distribution analysis near the shadow edge.
    • Experimental validation using silicon diodes and neutral detectors.

    Main Results:

    • Strong diffraction effects persist even with broad wavelength bands.
    • Detector aperture diameter approximately half the illuminated region offers a compromise.
    • Extended sources significantly reduce diffraction effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Diffraction corrections are crucial for accurate radiometric measurements.
    • Aperture sizing is key to balancing diffraction, stray light, and vignetting.
    • Further research on diffraction corrections for multiple apertures is suggested.