Experience with Schumann-type XUV film on Skylab

Area of Science:

• Solar physics
• Space instrumentation

Background:

• Skylab's Apollo Telescope Mount utilized advanced solar spectrographs (S082A) and spectroheliographs (S082B).
• These instruments required unprecedented quantities of specialized Schumann-type photographic film.

Purpose of the Study:

• To detail the procurement, testing, handling, and processing of photographic film for Skylab solar instruments.
• To document and address challenges encountered during film usage in a space environment.

Main Methods:

• Procurement of Eastman Kodak type 104 and type 101 photographic film.
• Rigorous testing, handling, and processing protocols were implemented.
• Investigation of film performance issues, including fogging and contrast reduction.

Main Results:

• Anticipated challenges were successfully overcome, yielding excellent scientific results.
• Two unforeseen issues emerged: fogging from stainless steel carriers and reduced contrast/density in flight film exposed to vacuum.
• Despite challenges, the film enabled high-quality solar observations.

Conclusions:

• The specialized film procurement and processing were effective for Skylab's solar observation mission.
• Understanding and mitigating issues like film fogging and vacuum-induced degradation are crucial for space-based imaging.
• The project demonstrated successful adaptation to unique challenges in extreme environments.