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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Diffraction grating transmission efficiencies for XUV and soft x rays.

H W Schnopper, L P Van Speybroeck, J P Delvaille

    Applied Optics
    |February 20, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers measured x-ray diffraction efficiencies using gold transmission gratings. Anomalous dispersion effects were accurately modeled, showing gratings can be optimized for specific wavelengths.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Optics

    Background:

    • Transmission gratings are crucial optical elements for diffracting X-rays.
    • Understanding diffraction efficiencies is key for X-ray optics design.
    • Gold gratings exhibit unique properties due to X-ray interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure X-ray diffraction efficiencies of gold transmission gratings.
    • To investigate the impact of anomalous dispersion on grating performance.
    • To validate theoretical models of X-ray diffraction by gratings.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized interferometrically formed, electrodeposited gold transmission gratings.
    • Performed measurements at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Project (SSRP) 4 degrees beam line.
    • Measured diffraction efficiencies for X-rays in the 45-275 eV energy range.

    Main Results:

    • Observed diffraction efficiencies for various X-ray orders.
    • Found that anomalous dispersion in gold significantly affects efficiency.
    • Model calculations incorporating anomalous dispersion showed good agreement with experimental data.
    • Demonstrated that grating material and thickness can optimize performance for specific wavelengths.

    Conclusions:

    • Anomalous dispersion is a critical factor in X-ray diffraction by gold gratings.
    • Theoretical models accurately predict grating efficiencies when accounting for anomalous dispersion.
    • Optimized transmission gratings can enhance specific diffraction orders and suppress others, useful for X-ray applications.