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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Thermometers and Temperature Scales01:22

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
As many physical properties depend on temperature, the variety of thermometers is...
Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data
09:55

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Published on: December 12, 2013

Daytime r(0) evaluated from vertical microthermal measurements.

R Barletti, G Ceppatelli, L Paternò

    Applied Optics
    |February 20, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Atmospheric turbulence affects optical systems. Daytime measurements show the parameter r(0) is log-normally distributed and follows a power law, indicating local turbulence is key for image quality.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Atmospheric Physics
    • Remote Sensing

    Background:

    • The parameter r(0) quantifies atmospheric turbulence effects on optical systems.
    • Understanding turbulence is crucial for adaptive optics and astronomical imaging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present in situ daytime measurements of the atmospheric coherence length parameter r(0).
    • To analyze the statistical distribution and altitude dependence of r(0).

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized balloon-borne microthermal radiosondes for in situ measurements.
    • Collected data at 5500 Angstroms with zenith propagation during daytime.

    Main Results:

    • The parameter r(0) exhibited a log-normal distribution at various altitudes.
    • r(0) followed a power law relationship within the 100-10,000-meter range.
    • Daytime r(0) values were compared with nighttime ground-based observations.

    Conclusions:

    • Local atmospheric turbulence significantly influences optical image quality.
    • In situ daytime measurements provide valuable data for optical system design and performance prediction.