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Related Concept Videos

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis
04:47

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Published on: October 27, 2023

[Rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis-rheumatologic highlights 2009].

J Dudler1

  • 1Service de rhumatologie, médecine physique et rééducation, Département de I'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital orthopédique, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne. jean.dudler@chuv.ch

Revue Medicale Suisse
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 therapy, shows effectiveness and safety for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. New classification criteria aid earlier diagnosis of axial spondylarthropathy, even without inflammatory markers.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis
04:47

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Published on: October 27, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and axial spondylarthropathy (axSpA) are significant rheumatologic conditions requiring effective management.
  • Current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these conditions are continually evolving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight key advancements in rheumatology, focusing on new therapeutic options and diagnostic criteria.
  • To emphasize the significance of tocilizumab in managing rheumatoid arthritis.
  • To introduce updated classification criteria for axial spondylarthropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent rheumatology literature and clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of tocilizumab's efficacy and safety profile in rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Evaluation of the implications of new axial spondylarthropathy classification criteria.

Main Results:

  • Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 targeting therapy, demonstrates notable efficacy and an acceptable safety profile for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
  • Newly published classification criteria for axial spondylarthropathy are expected to improve diagnostic timelines.
  • The new criteria support pursuing axSpA diagnosis even without evidence of an inflammatory biological syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Tocilizumab represents a significant therapeutic advancement for rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Earlier and more accessible diagnosis of axial spondylarthropathy is now feasible with the revised criteria.
  • These advancements collectively contribute to improved patient outcomes in rheumatology.