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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...

Polymers

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

Sustainable polymerizations in recoverable microemulsions.

Zhenzhen Chen¹, Feng Yan, Lihua Qiu

¹Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|February 23, 2010

Summary

This study demonstrates reusable ionic liquid microemulsions for sustainable polymerization. Recovered ionic liquids enable efficient recycling, minimizing waste in radical polymerization processes.

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

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Published on: June 8, 2016

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Green Chemistry

Background:

Traditional microemulsion polymerization often generates significant waste from surfactants and catalysts.
Ionic liquids (ILs) offer potential for greener chemical processes due to their unique properties and recyclability.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a sustainable method for radical and atom-transfer radical polymerization using recyclable ionic liquid microemulsions.
To minimize environmental impact by reducing waste associated with polymerization processes.

Main Methods:

Conducting free radical and atom-transfer radical polymerizations in monomer/ionic liquid microemulsions.
Recovering and reusing the ionic liquid/catalyst mixture after polymer isolation.
Regenerating microemulsions by adding fresh monomer and initiator to the recovered mixture.

Main Results:

Successful polymerization was achieved in the ionic liquid microemulsion system.
The ionic liquid and catalyst mixture was effectively recovered and reused for multiple polymerization cycles.
Regenerated microemulsions maintained stability and transparency for subsequent reactions.

Conclusions:

Ionic liquid microemulsions provide a sustainable and recyclable platform for radical polymerization.
This approach significantly reduces environmental disposables, including surfactants and heavy metal ions.
The method integrates the benefits of IL recycling with microemulsion polymerization for greener chemical manufacturing.