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Related Concept Videos

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Basicity of Aliphatic Amines01:21

Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

Amines can behave as Brønsted–Lowry bases by accepting a proton from the acid to form corresponding conjugate acids. Due to a lone pair of nonbonding electrons, aliphatic amines can also act as Lewis bases by forming a covalent bond with an electrophile.
To measure the basicity of amines, two conventions are generally used. The first defines Kb as the basicity constant for the deprotonation reaction of water by the amine, as presented in Figure 1. Conventionally, lower Kb indicates higher...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Evaluation of Polymeric Gene Delivery Nanoparticles by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and High-throughput Flow Cytometry
08:51

Evaluation of Polymeric Gene Delivery Nanoparticles by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and High-throughput Flow Cytometry

Published on: March 1, 2013

Altering amine basicities in biodegradable branched polycationic polymers for nonviral gene delivery.

Sue Anne Chew1, Michael C Hacker, Anita Saraf

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, PO Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA.

Biomacromolecules
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Biodegradable branched polycationic polymers were synthesized for efficient gene delivery. The P-DED polymer demonstrated superior plasmid DNA complexation and enhanced cell transfection compared to other polymers and naked plasmid DNA.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Evaluation of Polymeric Gene Delivery Nanoparticles by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and High-throughput Flow Cytometry
08:51

Evaluation of Polymeric Gene Delivery Nanoparticles by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and High-throughput Flow Cytometry

Published on: March 1, 2013

Programming Stem Cells for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles
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Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery
08:09

Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery

Published on: August 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Gene Therapy

Background:

  • Gene delivery vectors are crucial for therapeutic applications.
  • Developing safe and effective non-viral gene delivery systems remains a challenge.
  • Biodegradable branched polycationic polymers offer potential as gene delivery vectors due to their tunable properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel biodegradable branched polycationic polymers.
  • To evaluate their efficacy as gene delivery vectors.
  • To correlate polymer structure and amine dissociation properties with gene delivery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of polymers via Michael addition polymerization using trimethylolpropane triacrylate and various amine monomers.
  • Characterization of polymer properties, including amine dissociation at different pH values.
  • Formation and characterization of polyplexes (polymer/plasmid DNA complexes), including zeta potential and hydrodynamic size measurements.
  • In vitro transfection efficiency assessment using enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene and flow cytometry.

Main Results:

  • Polymers with varying amine dissociation profiles were successfully synthesized.
  • P-DED exhibited the highest number of protonated amines at pH 7.4, facilitating efficient plasmid DNA complexation.
  • Polyplexes formed with P-DED showed increased zeta potential and decreased hydrodynamic size.
  • Polyplexes, particularly those with P-DED, demonstrated significantly higher gene transfection efficiency compared to naked plasmid DNA and commercial branched polyethylenimine.

Conclusions:

  • Biodegradable branched polycationic polymers with tunable amine dissociation properties can be effectively synthesized.
  • Polymers with amine groups dissociating above pH 7.4 are beneficial for forming stable polyplexes with enhanced gene delivery capabilities.
  • The synthesized polymers, especially P-DED, represent promising non-viral vectors for efficient gene delivery.