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Related Experiment Videos

Word repetitions in sentence recognition.

K Murnane1, R M Shiffrin

  • 1Psychology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405.

Memory & Cognition
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Strengthening some list items does not harm recognition of others. Memory models must account for how separate storage of repetitions affects list-strength effects in word and sentence recognition.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Memory Research

Background:

  • The list-strength effect in memory describes how strengthening some items doesn't harm others.
  • Prior models proposed separate memory storage with accumulated repetitions into a single trace.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how separate storage of repeated words in different sentences impacts the list-strength effect.
  • To test if this effect changes when words and sentences are repeated together, forming a single trace.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Tested recognition for single words and sentences repeated in different contexts.
  • Experiment 2: Tested recognition when both words and sentences were repeated together.
  • Fitted a sentence trace model to the experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Experiment 1 showed a positive list-strength effect for single words and sentences, supporting separate storage.
  • Experiment 2 eliminated the list-strength effect when repetitions were consolidated into a single trace.
  • Data supported the Shiffrin et al. (1990) model and summed activation accounts.

Conclusions:

  • Separate storage of repetitions can create a list-length effect instead of a list-strength effect.
  • Findings challenge current memory models and support theories where activation is summed across list items.

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